More than 30,000 people live inside the Old City of Jerusalem today. Walk its narrow streets and you’ll find schools, hardware stores, clothing shops, barber shops and residential neighborhoods. The city covers just 220 acres (89 hectares) today. Most of the towering walls we see around the Old City today are fairly young, built in the 16th century. The Temple Mount is the same shape it was when Jesus was alive, and many of the stones on the western side of the retaining wall are left from Herod’s great building project. The city has changed its shape and grown taller through the centuries. The Jerusalem David knew, for instance, is outside today’s Old City Walls, directly south of the Temple Mount and bordered by the Kidron Valley. Perhaps 2,000 people lived in Jerusalem in that era. Even fewer might have been in the city when Nehemiah rebuilt the walls. About 25,000 lived in Jerusalem during Jesus’ lifetime.